On November 15, Japanese NPE company BWB filed a lawsuit in the U. S. District Court for the Northern District of California, accusing Alibaba of infringing four of its E-commerce U. S. patents (patent numbers: 10,460,366, 11,138,644, 11,776,027, 11,776,028). The four patents, entitled “Commercial Transaction System, Administrative Server, and Program”, were all issued to a Japanese inventor Ryutaro Nishiura from October 2019 to October 2023. BWB is the owner of the patents by assignment. BWB is asking the court to rule that Alibaba has infringed one or more claims of the asserted patents and to award BWB damages adequate to compensate it.